Effects of botulinum toxin A injection therapy with ultrasound-guided for benign masseter hypertrophy / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection therapy with ultrasound-guided for benign masseter hypertrophy.Methods:Twenty cases (40 sides) of masseter hypertrophy were injected with botulinum toxin A, among which 10 cases were taken as experimental group and the other 10 cases as control group. The experimental group had preoperative ultrasound examination to measure the thickness of masseter, and use ultrasound-guided precise injection during the operation, and then ultrasound recheck to measure the postoperative masseter thickness; The other 10 cases of control group adopt traditional 3-point injection method.Results:The masseter thickness of the two groups at different period of times after treatment was decreased ( P<0.001), the most obviously decrease happened 4-12 weeks after injection. The mean reduction was 26.8% at 4 weeks and 28.4% at 12 weeks after injection. Masseter muscle thickness recovered by 22% at 24 weeks and by 20% at 36 weeks. The average follow-up was 6.0±2.4 months with no serious complications occurred. In the control group, there was a partial masseter bulge in one case. The satisfactory rate of the patients in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusions:Botulinum toxin A injection therapy with ultrasound-guided for benign masseter hypertrophy is an effective treatment, which is more accurate and effective than the traditional injection method.

Research advances on application of botulinum toxin type A in scar prevention and treatment / 中华烧伤杂志

The wound healing time, tension of wound edge, proliferation of fibroblast, and extracellular matrix deposition are the important factors of scar formation, and botulinum toxin type A can regulate the above. Prevention and treatment of scar with botulinum toxin type A is one of the hot topics of clinical research in recent years. This paper briefly reviews researches by scholars at home and abroad on the mechanism, clinical application, complications, and adverse effects of botulinum toxin type A in scar prevention and treatment.

Clinical application of three-dimensional printed preformed titanium mesh combined with free latissimus dorsi muscle flap in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma with skull defect in the vertex / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of three-dimensional printed preformed titanium mesh combined with latissimus dorsi muscle flap free transplantation in the treatment of wounds with skull defect after radical surgery of squamous cell carcinoma in the vertex. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January 2010 to December 2019, 5 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the vertex accompanied with skull invasion who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, including four males and one female, aged 50 to 65 years. The original lesion areas ranged from 5 cm×4 cm to 15 cm×8 cm. The titanium mesh was prefabricated via three-dimensional technic based on the result the scope of skull resection predicted with computerized tomography three-dimensional reconstruction before surgery. During the first stage, the soft tissue defect area of scalp (8 cm×7 cm to 18 cm×11 cm) after tumor enlargement resection was repaired with the preformed titanium mesh, and the titanium mesh was covered with latissimus dorsi muscle flap, with area of 10 cm×9 cm to 20 cm×13 cm. The thoracodorsal artery/vein was anastomosed with the superficial temporal artery/vein on one side. The muscle ends in the donor site were sutured together or performed with transfixion, and then the skin on the back were covered back to the donor site. On the 10th day after the first-stage surgery, the second-stage surgery was performed. The thin intermediate thickness skin graft was taken from the anterolateral thigh to cover the latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The duration and intraoperative blood loss of first-stage surgery were recorded. The postoperative muscle flap survival after the first-stage surgery and skin graft survival after the second-stage surgery was observed. The occurrence of complications, head appearance, and recurrence of tumor were followed up. Results: The average first-stage surgery duration of patients was 12.1 h, and the intraoperative blood loss was not more than 1 200 mL. The muscle flaps in the first-stage surgery and the skin grafts in the second-stage surgery all survived well. During the follow-up of 6-18 months, no complications such as exposure of titanium mesh or infection occurred, with good shape in the recipient sites in the vertex, and no recurrence of tumor. Conclusions: Three-dimensional printed preformed titanium mesh combined with latissimus dorsi muscle flap free transplantation and intermediate thickness skin graft cover is an effective and reliable method for repairing the wound with skull defect after extended resection of squamous cell carcinoma in the vertex. This method can cover the wound effectively as well as promote both recipient and donor sites to obtain good function and appearance.

Reproductive characteristics and habitat factors of Acanthopanax giraldii / 中国中药杂志

The growth parameters,clonal propagation parameters and sexual reproduction parameters of Acanthopanax giraldii population were systematically investigated and analyzed by means of population ecology in this study. The correlation among the above mentioned parameters and the correlation among canopy density,topography and soil fertility factors were analyzed. It is clear that there was a significant correlation among the clonal ramets,the fruit production capacity of the cluster and the new shoot production capacity of the A. giraldii. Sexual reproduction and clonal reproduction played an important role in the continuation of the population. Illumination was the key ecological factor that determined growth type. The increase in canopy density changed the population from " group clonal growth" to " guerrilla clonal growth",and the higher stand closure degree and low-strength herb layer competition was a necessary condition for seed germination and colonization. Under the background of natural forest protection and sustainable development of resources,the reproductive characteristics of wild A. giraldii resulted in the decrease of its recoverable quantity.

Changes in the expression of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons after electrical injury in rats' sciatic nerves and its influence on sensory conduction function / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes in the expression of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after electrical injury in rats' sciatic nerves and its influence on sensory conduction function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-hundred and thirty-six adult SD rats were divided into normal control group, sham electrical injury group, and 75, 100, 125 V electrical injury groups according to the random number table, with 8 rats in normal control group and 32 rats in each of the rest 4 groups. Rats in normal control group were routinely fed without any treatment. Blunt dissection of the sciatic nerves of left hind leg of rats was performed in sham electrical injury group, while sciatic nerves of left hind leg of rats in electrical injury groups were electrically injured with corresponding voltage. Eight rats of normal control group fed for one week, and 8 rats from each of the rest four groups on post injury day (PID) 3 and in post injury week (PIW) 1, 2, 3 respectively were collected to detect the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT). In addition, rats of 100 V electrical injury group in PIW 1 were collected and intrathecally injected with NS1619 after former PWMT detection, and PWMT was detected per 30 minutes within three hours post injection. The rats in each group at each time point were sacrificed after PWMT detection. The DRG of L4 to L6 segments of spinal cord was sampled to observe the BKCa channels distribution with immunohistochemical staining and to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of BKCa channels with Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction respectively. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance of factorial design, and SNK test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The PWMT values of rats in 75 and 100 V electrical injury groups on PID 3 and in PIW 1, 2, 3 were (5.8±0.6), (5.0±0.8), (4.2±0.3), (5.9±1.1) g; (5.3±1.3), (5.9±2.0), (4.5±2.7), (4.3±1.3) g, respectively, which were significantly lower than the value (s) in normal control group [(11.2±2.0) g] and sham electrical injury group [respectively (11.3±2.1), (12.0±2.0), (11.1±1.6), (10.3±2.1) g, with P values below 0.05]. The PWMT values of rats in 125 V electrical injury group decreased obviously on PID 3 and in PIW 1 [(6.1±1.6) and (5.7±1.7) g] as compared with the value (s) in normal control group and sham electrical injury group, and they were obviously increased in PIW 2 and 3 [(26.7±3.3) and (21.7±3.4) g] as compared with the value (s) of the rest 4 groups (with P values below 0.05). The PWMT of 100 V electrical injury group in PIW 1 firstly increased and then decreased within three hours post injection, which increased significantly at post injection minutes 30, 60, 90, 120 as compared with that before intervention [respectively (8.5±0.8), (9.7±1.2), (11.0±1.5), (8.6±0.8) g, with P values below 0.05]. (2) The positive expression of BKCa channels in large amount was observed in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane of neurons on the DRG of rats in normal control group and sham electrical injury group at each time point. The positive expression of BKCa channels in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane of neurons on the DRG of rats decreased over time in electrical injury groups, which was most obvious in 125 V electrical injury group. (3) There were no statistically significant differences in the protein expression of BKCa channels in DRG of rats among the five groups on PID 3 (with P values above 0.05). Compared with those in normal control group (0.477±0.027, 0.521±0.034, 0.475±0.022) and sham electrical injury group (0.511±0.025, 0.489±0.025, 0.483±0.032) in PIW 1, 2, 3, the protein expressions of BKCa channels in DRG of rats in 75, 100, 125 V electrical injury groups were decreased significantly (0.274±0.026, 0.202±0.019, 0.285±0.033; 0.253±0.022, 0.233±0.024, 0.203±0.017; 0.092±0.017, 0.095±0.021, 0.087±0.016, with P values below 0.05). The protein expressions of BKCa channels in DRG of rats in 125 V electrical injury group in PIW 1, 2, 3 were obviously lower than those in 75 and 100 V electrical injury groups (with P values below 0.05). (4) The mRNA expression levels of BKCa channels in DRG of rats in 75, 100, 125 V electrical injury groups on PID 3 and in PIW 1, 2, 3 were 0.326±0.021, 0.238±0.019, 0.291±0.022, 0.364±0.018; 0.264±0.020, 0.293±0.017, 0.243±0.023, 0.295±0.021; 0.134±0.023, 0.089±0.017, 0.074±0.018, 0.087±0.020, respectively, significantly decreased as compared with the level (s) in normal control group (0.581±0.051) and sham electrical injury group (0.603±0.045, 0.586±0.032, 0.614±0.045, 0.572±0.038), with P values below 0.05. The mRNA expression levels of BKCa channels in DRG of rats in 125 V electrical injury group at each time point were lower than those in 75 and 100 V electrical injury groups (with P values below 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The electrical injury in sciatic nerves results in reduction of the BKCa channels expression in rat's DRG of corresponding spinal segments, which plays a role in the pathological process of sensory conduction dysfunction.</p>